Video Game The Cause Of All The Worlds Violence

Brad Clement Janet Melo-Thaiss CUL120YA 18 March, 2015 Video Game – The Cause of All the Worlds Violence Every few years when an unfortunate school shooting takes place in North America, we see headlines all over the news about how violence in video games were the cause of these incidents. The troubled person or persons who performed this act played video games. The media and outraged parents around the world, use games like Grand Theft Auto or Call of Duty as the scapegoats of the video game industry. However today, current research suggests that the effects of violent video games are still very inconclusive and there are very little if any, scientific facts that can be used to prove they are the cause of these violent acts. From my point of view this leads me to feel that video games are not the real problem here. During my childhood, I was lucky enough to experience the joy and wonder of the Nintendo Entertainment System when it was the hottest toy that every kid had to own. Constantly hounding my mom and circling it countless times in the Sears Wish Book until it showed up under my Christmas tree. Since that day of plugging it in and playing Super Mario on a small television in my room, I have been an avid video game player and still own most of the major consoles that have been released over the past 20 years. Nintendo, Xbox, PlayStation, these all still have a place in my home as they have been a fantastic source of entertainment. Personally, I would prefer to playShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Violent Video Games712 Words   |  3 PagesHave you heard? Many people are debating whether or not Violent Video Games cause kids to be aggressive and violent. While others, like myself agree violent video games aren’t the problem of violence, real-life violence is. And therefore, you should to why, because Violent Video games allow kids especially boys to let out anger and relax themselves from emotions. It also helps entertain kids. And creates less real-world aggression. Kids already know the difference between virtual and reality byRead MoreVideo Games And Youth Violence1181 Words   |  5 Pagespast few centuries,video games have become a great leisure and hobby among kids of all ages and cultures. With the advancement of technology, video games have advanced highly in its realism and genres. This high type of advancement brought the video game industry to a multi-billion dollar industry. However, with realism, comes negative effects as well. Ever since the creation of violent or â€Å"mature† video games, there has been a constant debate on whether it will increase violence in the player. AlthoughRead More Video Games Violence Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pageschild has played video games once in their lives. There are various genres and types of vi deo games such as action, first person shooters, adventure, education, role-playing, strategy, and many more. 89% of video games contain some violent content (Slife, 2008). The most addictive, common, and popular video games among children are the violent video games (Slife, 2008). A lot of video games these days depict â€Å"real-life violence† meaning that the settings and plots of these video games are taken fromRead MoreEssay about Do Video Games really Cause Violence?1028 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"No one is suggesting that [violent video games are] the only reason they went out and committed those horrific acts, but was it a tipping point? Was it something that pushed them over the edge? Was it a factor in that? Perhaps. That’s a really big deal,† This is a really controversial subject amongst gamers and parents, on whether violent video games cause real-life violence. Lots of people think they do, while lots of people think they don’t. There is r esearch that points both ways in the subjectRead MoreVideo Game : Video Games1584 Words   |  7 PagesHalo, Call of Duty, Grand Theft Auto, World of Warcraft, and Assassin’s Creed—these are just some of the violent video games that are commonly played by boys and girls, young and old alike in today’s society. Many experts fear that this violence in video games increases violence in people in real life, causing people to act out as if they were in the video game, increasing aggressive behavior so much that it could actually escalate to shooting, stabbing, and killing people. There have already beenRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Youth Of America1454 Words   |  6 Pagestelevision, radio, newspapers, and video games practically any time they want. The violence in media, along with the availability of media are increasing, however the most predominant form of media for children is video games. Because of this, many are concerned with the effects on the youth. The violence in video games is a cause for aggressive emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in the youth of America. Media is defined as the main means for mass communication. Video games, television, radios, newspapersRead MoreThe Truth about Video Games and Violent Children 1222 Words   |  5 Pages Violent video games are not training kids to be murderers. The video game industries have been called against and blamed for making kids more aggressive and violent for years. Although recent studies show that violent video games have been useful for kids to get their anger out. Only some kids were found to be aggressive after violent video game play, but they had three specific traits that lead to this aggressive behavior (â€Å"Violent...). Not all kids are affected by violent video games, but peopleRead MoreVideo Games Do Not Contribute to Youth Violence Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are not the cause of youth violence. There are many factors that have to be lined up to cause a child to be violent. For instance Many kids that become violent have had a rough life. They may have been poor, bullied, have alcoholic parents, neglected, or dont have parents at all (kids health). Over the years games have helped kids adapt to things in the world to better help their futures (washington post). Studies prove that video games can help children learn new mechanics (washingtonRead MoreViolent Video Games Have Blamed For School Shootings1254 Words   |  6 Pagesthat video games influence is motive to the killings because â€Å"he was so enormously isolated† that he would shut â€Å"himself in the bedroom and play violent video games all day† (Smith). He would create videos depicting gunshot suicides and pictures of himself pointing guns at his own head like he had seen in videos games. The violent video games had deeply brainwashed his mind making Americans believe that violent video games are a factor in contributing violence in people. Violent video games haveRead MoreViolent Video Games Lead to Violence Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesincluding the intenseness of violent video games, are affecting the violence among America’s youth, while others don’t see this as an issue at all. A study done in 2004, Factors Correlated with Violent Video Games Use by Adolescent Boys and Girls, reported that boys in grades seventh and eighth played violent video games to either release their anger or help them relax. According to the suggestion that video games act as a stress reliever, violence in video games should not be blamed for violent behavior

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 979 Words

As I scan the never ending line of trailers, my grandmother’s stands out. Faded metal siding clinging to the unevenly pitched roof, grass struggling to grow under the shade of the rotting oak tree, the hot water heater rusting in the back, all speak to the age of the tin box she calls her home. I never see it as a home; to me it is a house I dread entering. The yard surrounding the trailer holds few memories, as little time is ever spent outside. On four sunken craters on her driveway, an old Ford Taurus sits, slowly seeping into the asphalt from its weight, revealing how little its owner moves. The gray porch boards are slimy under the hanging plants, moss feeding on excess water that drips down through cracks in the pots. The weathered porch droops to the left, away from the trailer. Dull nail heads spurt up to trip any visitors, the uneven tread of planks makes it all the more difficult. The steps to the porch are all of varying heights, forcing me to grasp the railing for support. It splinters into my palm, leaving pinpricks to remind me of the visit weeks later. The stairs’ rasping groans signal my arrival, and rouse my grandmother. She shuffles to the door in her floral bathrobe, squinting at me through the screen. She always criticizes. â€Å"Julia† she’ll begin with a scandalized tone, â€Å"What on earth have you done to your hair?!† I instinctively fiddle with my newly-chopped hair. â€Å"Did you let your mother do it for you?† she asks with a sneer. â€Å"Bangs don’t work on suchShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words   |  5 PagesI don’t know how I got to where I am, but I’m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. That’s the thing, though: I don’t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. I doubled over and held my head in pain as I saw the static, which meant it was coming. I was being chased by what looked like a person but in no way acted like one. Just as it was about to appearRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1102 Words   |  5 PagesIt is on days like this when we stop to think about our life. Small drops of rain begin to dapple the cobblestone pavement as people whip out their umbrellas for cover. I continue sauntering down the busy street, relishing the feeling of a light shower. Moving with the mass of pedestrians, I stop at a crosswalk where I wait for the stoplight to turn green. A flower shop employee across the street scurries to bring in the numerous bouquets and close the doors as rain starts rolling down the displayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing914 Words   |  4 PagesDreamy I thought. Standing on the corner is a young guy with a smile. I see him here almost every day, so I linger for a while. He tells me his name, and I tell him mine. I m Ester, what s your name? I enquired. My names David .,He replied. We end up talking f or a while and I asked him if he had ever left this city. He tells me of all these stories of the places where he s been, the distant lakes and mountains, and in valleys oh so green. I can see it in his eyes, he really has beenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing974 Words   |  4 Pages I was used to moving round, having a mother who liked to travel more than making roots was something I had gotten used to. Still, I had never gotten used to the loneliness of an empty house when she was out exploring, or the feeling of leaving behind someone who could have meant something to me. Our most recent move was Oregon. It was pretty, and I didn’t mind it, but it was much different than Florida. Not only was it opposite sides of the country, it felt as if it were opposite worlds. InRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1012 Words   |  5 Pageshave plenty of time in the next month to think about my feeling in regards to Kendrick. I needed to finish up the article and get it off to my editor. I should be able to get it done by tonight and send an email in the morning. I was thinking of writing my next article about the sea life around the Scottish coast. Since our salmon dinner last evening I thought I would do a piece about the commercial salmon farming that began in Scotland in 1969. In 2002 over 145,000 metric tons of farmed AtlanticRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1561 Words   |  7 PagesThere’s something I need to say and what follows may not be something that you’d expect, it won’t be heartening or uplifting. If you remember today, I told you about going somewhere I wanted to go to†¦ I’m not sure if you believed and accepted what I now confess as untrue; it is partly. I needed to pull away emo tionally†¦ from you. You must have had fathomed that some degree of formality had seeped between us. Born of habit, formulaic greetings had become a routine. You presume that I’m a close friendRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1387 Words   |  6 PagesI was wearing a beautiful blue dress with sapphire gems all around the chest area as I entered the ball with Ciel and Sebastian. I took a good look around here, the hallway was lined with gold. There was a servant ready to escort us to the ball room. Hello, come this way. He said, walking forward. Wow, this place is so fancy! I exclaimed, looking around. It s fake gold. Ciel bluntly replied, bringing my hopes down. I sighed. Ciel sounded like he wasn t in a very good mood. Ciel, lightenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1287 Words   |  6 Pages In the morning, Caireann woke me up. She stood above my bed, shaking my shoulder. I opened my eyes, looking at her. Then I looked across the room to her empty bed. Andy s empty bed sat in the corner. I swallowed, climbing out of bed. Sleep well? Caireann asked me, starting out the door. Yeah, I said, going over to our small dresser. I had the bottom two drawers. Andy had the middle two, and Caireann had the top. I pulled open the drawers, pulling on a colorful tank top and a grayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1345 Words   |  6 PagesLater that night, I was behind the wheel of my G-Wagon with Melissa in the passenger seat. She didn’t feel like driving since she was on the road all day and I understood so I didn’t mind when she asked me to. I had been tight-lipped. She kept eyeballing me as if she detected that something was bothering me but I just kept singing to my India Arie as if I was carefree. â€Å"So are you going to tell me what’s going on or no† Melissa said disrupting my own personal concert. I stopped singing and tookRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1085 Words   |  5 PagesI WAS SITTING IN a taxi, wondering if I had overdressed for the evening, when I looked out the window and saw Mom rooting through a Dumpster. It was just after dark. A blustery March wind whipped the steam coming out of the manholes, and people hurried along the sidewalks with their collars turned up. I was stuck in traffic two blocks from the party where I was heading. Mom stood fifteen feet away. She had tied rags around her shoulders to keep out the spring chill and was picking through the trash

Account Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Long Term Liabilities Free Essays

Chapter 12 : 1/ As part of the initial investment , a partner contributes office equipment that had cost $20,000 and on which accumulated depreciation of $ 12500 had been recorded . If the partners agree on a valuation of $ 9000 for the equipment , what amount should be debited to the office equipment account? a/ 7500 c/ 12500 b/ 9000 d/ 20000 2/ Chip and Dale agree to form a partnership. Chip is to contribute $50000 in assets and to devote one half time to the partnership. We will write a custom essay sample on Account: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Long Term Liabilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dale is to contribute 20000 and to devote full time to the partnership. How will Chip and Dale share in the division of net income or net loss? a/ 5:2 c/ 1:1 b/ 1:2 d/ 2. 5:1 3/ Tracey and Hepburn invest 100,000 and 50,000 , respectively , in a partnership and agree to a division of net income that provides for an allowance of interest at 10 % on original investments , salary allowances of 12,000 and 24000 , respectively , with the remainder divided equally . What would be Tracey’s share of a net income o 45,000? a/ 22500 c/ 19,000 b/ 22000 d/ 10000 4/ Lee and Stills are partners who share income in the ratio of 2:1 and who have capital balances of 65,000 and 35,000 , respectively . If Morr , with the consent of Stills, acquired one half of lee’s interest for 40,000 for what amount would Morr’s capital account be credited ? a/ 32500 c/ 50,000 b/ 40000 d/ 72,500 5/ Pavin and abdel share gains and losses in the ratio of 2:1 . After selling all assets for cash , dividing the losses on realization , and paying liabilities , the balances in the capital accounts were as follows : Pavin , 10000 Cr , abdel , 2000 Cr. How many of the cash of 12000 would be distributed to Pavin? a/ 2000 c/ 10000 b/ 8000 d/ 12000 chapter 13: 1/ which of the following is a disadvantage of the corporate form of organization? a/ limited liability b/ continuous life c/ owner is separate from management d/ ability to raise capital 2/ paid in capital for a corporation may araise from which of the following sources? a/ issuing preferred stock / issuing common stock c/ selling the corporation’s treasury stock d/ all of the above 3/ the stockholder’s equity section of the balance sheet may include : a/ common stock b/ stock dividends distributable c/ preferred stock d/ all of the above 4/ if a corporation reacquires its own stock , the stock is listed on the balance sheet in the : a/ current assets section b/ long term liabil ities section c/ stockholders’ equity section d/ investments section 5/ a corporation has issued 25000, shares of 100 par common stock and holds 3000 of these shares as treasury of stock . If the corporation declares a 2 per share cash dividend , what amount will be recorded as cash dividends? a/ 22000c/44000 b/ 25000d/ 50000 chapter 15: 1/ If a corpo. Plans to issue 1,000,000 of 12 % bonds of a time when the market rate for similar bonds is 10 % the bonds can be expected to sell at : a/ their face amount b/ a premium a discount d/ a price below their face amount 2/ if the bonds payable account has a balance of 900,000 and the discount on bonds payable account has a balance of 72000 , what is the carrying amount of the bonds? / 828,000 b/ 900,000 c/ 972,000 d/ 580,000 3/ the cash and securities that make up the sinking fund established for the payment of bonds at maturity are classified on the balance sheet as: a/ current assets b/ investments c/ long term liabilities d/ current liabilities 4/ if a firm purchase 150,000 of bonds of x company at 101 plus accrued interests of 2000 and pays brokers commissions of 50 , the amount debited to investment in x company bonds wo uld be : a/ 150,000 b/ 151,550 c/ 153,500 d/ 153,550 / the balance in the discount on bonds payable account would usually be reported in the balance sheet in the : a/ current assets section b/ current liabilities section c/ long term liabilities section d/ investments section chapter 16: 1/ an ex of a cash flow from an operating activity is : a/ receipt of cash from the sale of stock b/ receipt of cash from the sale of bonds c/ payment of cash for dividends d/ receipt of cash from customers on account 2/ an ex of a cash flow from an investing activity is : a/ receipt of cash from the sale of equipment / receipt of cash from the sale of stock c/ payment of cash for dividends d/ payment of cash to acquire treasury stock 3/ an ex of a cash flow from a financing activity is: a/ receipt of cash from customers on account b/ receipt of cash from the sale of equipment c/ payment of cash for dividends d/ payment of cash to acquire land 4/ which of the following methods of reporting cash flow s from operating activities adjust net income for revenues and expenses not involving the receipt or payment of cash? a/ direct method b/ purchase method c/ reciprocal method d/ indirect method / the net income reported on the income statements for the year was 55000 and depreciation of fixed assets for the year was 22000 . The balances of the current assets and current liability accounts at the beginning and end of the year are shown at the top of the following page? / 740 Chapter 17: 1/ what type of analysis is indicated by the following ? a/ vertical analysis b/ horizontal analysis c/ profitability analysis d/ contribution margin analysis 2/ which of the following measures indicates the ability of a firm to pay its current liabilities ? a/ working capital b/ current ratio c/ quick ratio / all of above 3/ the ratio determined by dividing total current assets by total current liabilities is: a/ current ratio b/ working capital ratio c/ bankers’ ratio d/ all of the above 4/ t he ratio of the quick assets to current liabilities , which indicates the â€Å" instant† debt paying ability of a firm , is the : a/ current ratio b/ working capital ratio c/ quick ratio d/ bankers’ ratio 5/ a measure useful in evaluating efficiency in the management of inventories is the: a/ working capital ratio b/ quick ratio c/ number of days’ sale in inventory d/ ratio of fixed assets to long term liabilities How to cite Account: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Long Term Liabilities, Papers

Love and Marriage in Renaissance Literature Essay Example For Students

Love and Marriage in Renaissance Literature Essay In medieval Europe, the troubadours poets of the southern part of France, like Guilhem IX, or Cercamon, first began to write poems about humble men falling in love with women who were admirer and adored by their lovers. Furthermore, intense love between men and women became a central subject in European literature, like between Tristan and Iseult, Lancelot and Guinevere, or Aeneas and Dido. But it was not question of marriage. Actually, marriage and love did not match very well together but then Renaissance literature developed the concepts of love and marriage and recorded the evolution of the relation between them. In the Renaissance poetry, Donne, in The Good Morrow, celebrate love and sexuality in marriage. However, the aspects of love and marriage were not always linked in life but they became to unify first in literature. Actually we could notice that there were two sides in marriage and one of these sides was linked with love and this part became more and more important. Indeed, we can to distinguish the two different sides of marriage in the Renaissance period. Indeed, it was both secular and sacred this could appear paradoxical, because these two words seem to be contradictory. On the first hand: Secular, because it served as a union of two parties which searched for the acquisition of money or properties. Indeed, like in the Middle Ages, property right was very important. Besides, because of this right, the younger of the sons for example had to marry a woman who possessed lands because, land descended to the eldest son, so the younger often received nothing. Furthermore, following this tradition of inheritance, if there was no son in a family, land descended to the daughter and if there were several daughters, the heritage was shared between them. Besides, the widows had a large common law right which became very well protected in the 16th century. So the financial need to marry was present, it meant that the alliance was a possibility to increa se the families richness. However, a certain link between marriage and love began to appear in the Renaissance period, with the great William Shakespeare, for example. Indeed Shakespeare created lovers whose main concern was not what they would inherit, but rather the love thy felt for each other. In many of his plays, Shakespeare created couple who sometimes were not allowed to love each other and above all whose main concern was not the well being of their families. Thus, Lysander and Helena in A Midsummer Nights Dream Romeo and Juliet, or Othello and Desdemona, married for love rather than financial conveniences and inheritances. In Shakespeares plots, there were usually two forms, but the lovers were always disapproved by their families and societies. Anyway, in one of these two forms, the families tried to select the future wife thanks to economic features mainly. It did not represent a forced marriage because the family wanted them to be well together that was why they  brought the couple together. And the concept of freedom of choice was developing. However it was not equally dispensed between young men and women. Indeed it varied for each child in families the eldest son was under the greatest pressure since he inherited the bulk of the estate. His marriage was often critical to the familys survival because they depended on him for financial support. The youngest son had the most freedom because he often had to make his own fortune, because of the inheritance law and because his family did not depend on him. A girl had less freedom over her choice because her real future depended on this marriage. After a couple consented, the settlements were signed and the formal church wedding was arranged. .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 , .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 .postImageUrl , .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 , .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3:hover , .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3:visited , .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3:active { border:0!important; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3:active , .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3 .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub7e6d0749659c8418fff5534b15957f3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dbq Mini Q Renaissance Hq Student Fi EssayThe second form of courtship was handled for the most part by the parties involved. After a man fell in love with a woman, he went to ask for her hand to her family Keith Wrightson suggests in his documentation of 17th century marriage practices that it seems reasonable to conclude that among the greater part of the common people marriage partners were freely chosen, subject to the advice of friends and a sense of obligation to consult or subsequently inform parents if they were alive and within reach. In Shakespeares play entitled A Midsummer Nights Dream, in the couples, the mates were chosen on their own will. Theseus, at the beginning of the play, is talking with his wife, Hippolyta, about their upcoming marriage. He so, demonstrates that the marriage was not a forced duty but that he wants it and even Hippolyta shows her happiness to marry him. Shakespeare went against societal norms and showed love as the only desire of a couple. And this began his central and favourite theme: the lovers who cannot be together because that goes against their families will. Besides, the societal norms of the marriage were quite strict in regard to the church. Indeed, before a couple could officially be considered married by the church and common law, there were four basic requirements. First, the brides family had to consent and a dowry had to be offered. Second, both parties had to be of equal social class. The third requirement was for the parties to publicly declare the wedding and to have witnesses. Finally, the couple had to consummate the marriage. In Shakespeares Measure for Measure, Claudio and Juliet are, thus married by common law standards however, their marriage was secret and so, not considered as a legal marriage. Actually, it was very important that the marriage was witnessed. And in this play, Shakespeare focalized on the importance of the requirements of marriage and, with the issue of Claudios possible death, the author pointed at the consequences and the risks of not following these requirements. Indeed, the church severely sanctioned those who did not respect its law, for instance in the laws about the age of marriage. Thus, in most Shakespeares famous  play: Romeo and Juliet, we could notice that the age in the Renaissance marriage had a bid importance. In this play, Juliet was thirteen, and even if her mother wanted to marry her soon. Besides the age minimum was fourteen but usually young people married several years after. Actually, Shakespeare used the knowledge of the church-sanctioned age to create Romeo and Juliet, and pointed out the characteristics of young lovers. To put it in a nutshell, in the medieval ages, marriage was not always linked with love. But little by little theses two themes gathered. Indeed the word Renaissance represented the rebirth of art and culture it comes from the French word which comes from the Italian word rinascita which has the same meaning. So the development of Renaissance literature occurred in parallel with the development of social and cultural features. Furthermore, literacy and life always exchanged influences, so to better understand marriage and love in Renaissance, the most pertinent mean would be to study Shakespeares plays and comedies. Indeed, his period marked a time where marriage was an important aspect of peoples life and Shakespeare managed to depict the important elements of marriage: the ancient and material elements but above all, love and relationship that developed between men and women.

The Era of Online Shopping

Introduction In the last few years, the Internet has played a significant role in disseminating information in the United States and other parts of the world. The use of Internet nowadays is so rife that it has become the number one source of not just information, but also communication and many other purposes like social networking and gaming.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Era of Online Shopping specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the greatest and most popular features that it particularly provides is online shopping, which is defined as the process whereby consumers purchaser goods directly a seller in real-time, without a brokering service. Actually, online shopping is a form of e-commerce. With the advent of the internet and introduction of security, online shopping has today reached unimaginable magnitudes. However, this form of trade has penetrated some areas more than others. Studies hav e also shown that demographics play a huge role in either promoting or stifling online shopping, for instance, areas with high literacy levels, income and occupation of the family head have been found to be more active in online shopping. Online shoppers generally use credit card to pay for their purchases, however, improvements in internet security has led to the creation of online money transfer websites such as Paypal. Other common payment options include debit cards, wire transfer, postal money order, gift cards, and so on. After a payment has been accepted, purchases can be delivered through the following steps: downloading, drop shipping, in-store pick-up, and shipping, among others. We chose this topic because many people have been shopping from the cyber world and online shopping is a controversial issue, which has been widely discussed. In this paper, we will be focusing on how and why online shopping has gained much fame and become a great phenomenon in the United States. Conclusion Online shopping was set up by the invention of Internet, computers ad technologies to accompany these systems. The world’s most popular online shopping sites: eBay and Amazon, were very influential in the growth of this commerce. Today, online shopping has become a great phenomenon thanks to the rapid development of internet security technologies and a similar pace in the penetration of the World Wide Web. The growth of online has been dramatic in the recent years due to several factors which include convenience as a shopper is bale to purchase goods at the comfort of his home, 24-hour availability, and the ability to compare prices of similar or related products all at one place.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Customers also access free product reviews and are able to make informed decisions before making a decision. And if a customer is not sati sfied with a specific product, he/she can easily choose another related product offered by the same online shop, or elsewhere based on these expert reviews, rather than depend on salesmen who are known to trick customers into buying their products. Online shopping also offers a number of benefits to sellers. First, it reduces their operational costs, saves them a lot of time which they can divert to other business demanding tasks, the online stores are available on 24-hour basis and this makes them more accessible than conventional stores. Finally, online stores can have a global market access through the internet. Despite these benefits of online shopping to both buyers and sellers, there are still some risks that need to be addressed so that the system can be adopted by more people. These include identity theft, untrustworthiness of the online sellers, and so on. Most of these risks are currently being addressed by online shops, security experts and authorities. In general, many p eople have turned and changed their mind to use online shopping rather than the typical shopping, therefore, online shopping has become a great phenomenon in the United States. With all the experiences, consumers are more able prevent and become more careful of the dangers that online shopping possesses. While online shopping is still a controversial issue, it is, after all, more of a boon than a bane. This research paper on The Era of Online Shopping was written and submitted by user Kylee Lucas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Negotiation has traditionally been based upon a competitive model, leaving collaborative strategies underutilised, mainly because most people do not understand the finer points of collaboration.” The WritePass Journal

Negotiation has traditionally been based upon a competitive model, leaving collaborative strategies underutilised, mainly because most people do not understand the finer points of collaboration.† Executive Summary Negotiation has traditionally been based upon a competitive model, leaving collaborative strategies underutilised, mainly because most people do not understand the finer points of collaboration.† Executive SummaryIntroduction, Aims and ObjectivesNegotiation has traditionally been based upon the competitive modelMost people do not understand the finer points of collaborationCritically evaluate the key elements of successful collaboration in negotiationPossible obstacles to a Collaborative negotiation strategy in the context of the supply relationshipRecommendations and ConclusionsReferencesRelated Executive Summary Negotiation is a fundamental part of the day-to-day activities in the business to business environment. Yet, there are often profound weaknesses which emerge in the negotiation strategies, which results in one or other party failing to achieve the best possible result for their ongoing business. By identifying the weaknesses in the competitive model and requirements for achieving a successful collaborative strategy, it can be seen that a fundamental shift of personality and attitude is necessary from the parties, something which may act as a barrier, particularly for those who have been traditionally utilising the competitive model, for many years. Introduction, Aims and Objectives Negotiation styles play an important role in the day-to-day operations of all organisations, both from the point of view of internal communication and also when it comes to the relationships with other third parties, such as suppliers and customers. Broadly speaking, negotiation refers to the situation where there is a dialogue between two or more entities aimed at reaching a specific outcome or resolving a particular issue (Baron, 1998). The negotiation process is undertaken by the parties, in order to achieve the appropriate results and fulfil each party’s own needs.   For example, in the commercial environment, negotiations may be entered into between supplier and the core business, in order to look at the volume of items which can be provided, the price and the delivery schedule, so that both the supplier of raw materials and the central company are comfortable with the situation and are prepared to enter into an agreement to supply. The proposition here argues that negotiation has traditionally looked towards a competitive model. This means that, on many occasions, the option of collaboration is seen as to the detriment of the end result of the negotiations. In order to consider the statement made here, the statement will be broken down into four distinct parts, each of which should be looked at, in turn, before drawing conclusions as to whether or not it is an accurate statement that collaborative strategies are, indeed, underutilised as a result of a lack of understanding of how collaboration can work to advantage of all concerned. This will involve looking at the traditional competitive model and the lack of understanding that surrounds the collaborative model, before discussing the key elements of a successful collaboration and any obstacles that may occur when using a collaborative strategy. Negotiation has traditionally been based upon the competitive model The traditional competitive model for negotiation is based on the idea that any given situation can be seen to be similar to a Zero Sum Game and that, in order from one individual to win, another must necessarily lose. In its most basic form, an example is where there are ten apples available to the parties; a competitive model would encourage the parties to negotiate in a competitive manner, accepting that for one party to gain an extra apple, the other party would need to lose one of theirs (Beasor, 2006). When looking at competitive negotiation, it is the substance of the actual items being traded that is the primary concern of the parties, with negotiations typically being undertaken in quite an aggressive manner and with each individual looking at what they can gain during the process. In many cases of competitive negotiations, price is fundamental. Furthermore, when considering this amongst supplier relationships, a competitive model situation would be seen to arise, where suppliers look to maintain a price and the purchaser looks to reduce this price for their own benefit. Whilst accepting that this means that the supplier will be involved on a regular basis, it can be seen that this type of situation is more likely to be utilised successfully where the relationship between the two parties is relatively unimportant, or is a one-off transaction when neither party is looking towards engendering good will for the future. Where one party shows a weakness, the other will immediately ta ke advantage of this; for example, if the purchaser becomes aware that the supplier has cash flow issues, they will be more inclined to use this as a weakness that can then be exploited to their own advantage. This type of competitive negotiation is based on the underlying strategy that focuses on a hard exchange between the individuals and encourages the actual exchange to be relatively clear. However, this is not say that there will not be an element of double dealing which may emerge where one of the parties believes that they can achieve a result that is better for themselves, in order to improve their own negotiation position. Fundamentally, however, the competitive negotiation approach is about getting what the individual wants, with little or no regard for the position of the other party. Competitive negotiation is, therefore, viewed as a means of achieving what the individual parties attempt to achieve and does not consider the ways in which the other parties may benefit from the negotiation. This focuses exclusively on getting the best possible deal for that individual party and, in order to do so, it is necessary that the weaker party or the other party loses (Lewicki, et al., 2003). Most people do not understand the finer points of collaboration By focusing on competitive negotiation, it is argued in this paper that this will result in a lack of understanding of the possibility that both parties could benefit, potentially, from the negotiation position. When looking more at the collaboration approach, the relationship between the two parties is seen as being the central element, rather than the price, as is seen in the competitive negotiation approach. When adopting a competitive approach, it is assumed that there are a fixed number of items involved that can be negotiated over and where one party takes the next item the other party loses that item. Yet, within the collaborative approach, there is a recognition that it is possible to enlarge the items available to include other items that are of value to both parties and to negotiate a position where both parties may potentially be better off when leaving the negotiation table (Perdue et al., 1986). There are several underlying concepts which are relevant when it comes to understanding how collaboration may work and identifying why there may be a general lack of understanding on the finer points of collaboration, which may limit the use of this approach by those operating within a business environment. The collaborative approach places a great focus on the concept of fairness and achieving satisfaction from an emotional point of view. In reality, a relationship between a commercial supplier and a customer in a business to business transaction will not be a one off situation. Even if that precise relationship of selling an item is a one-off situation, the reputation which the parties maintain as a result of this negotiation may have an impact on future transactions; therefore, creating a less competitive environment and encouraging collaboration can achieve great results for both parties, overall. Whilst this is accepted as an important aspect of negotiation here, it is also argu ed that there is a lack of understanding by the individual parties as to how they are going to achieve this type of win-win situation. To a large extent, this can be achieved when looking at the negotiation as a joint problem-solving exercise and recognising that the overall situation can be looked at, in order to identify how each party can benefit, in some way (Lewicki, et al., 2000). A collaborative strategy does not amount to weakness, which can be a difficult concept to understand for those who inherently use the competitive strategy. Essentially, it could be seen as a means of opening up negotiations to include items that may not be immediately apparent. Taking the situation described above, whereby two individuals are negotiating over the ten available apples, greater discussions may indicate that one of the parties would, in fact, prefer to have oranges. Therefore, if the other party has a large stock of oranges, it may be possible to negotiate an exchange of apples for oranges and both parties will ultimately be happier (Cox, 1996). In order to achieve a collaborative approach, it is necessary for complete transparency and trust between the parties and this again reflects the way in which the relationship between the parties is an ongoing relationship which is valued by both parties, to such an extent that they will consider the opinion and desires of the other party. This does, however, clearly involve a much greater element of communication between the parties and a wider recognition of the needs and desires of other parties involved. This makes it a potentially difficult strategy to follow, typically where there are multiple entities with a variety of different complex needs, or where one individual is maintaining a competitive strategy and is taking advantage of those looking to achieve collaboration. Critically evaluate the key elements of successful collaboration in negotiation There are several key elements that are seen to be linked to successful collaboration during the negotiation process. A strong framework is that of the pneumonic ‘POSER’ which refers to the activities that an individual needs follow when looking at achieving a collaborative negotiation strategy (Porter, 1985). Firstly, it is necessary to prepare in order to understand the types of outcome that are desirable from the negotiation and also to undertake the research into the other parties to the negotiation. This means that when turning the situation into a joint problem-solving exercise and encouraging transparency, all individuals need to be fully briefed on the overall vision, not only of their own needs and goals, but also of the needs and goals of all those involved. By having a strong understanding of what the other party is hoping to achieve, it is possible for the other commercial entity to identify how they may potentially improve the situation being experienced by the other party. Using the basic example mentioned earlier, in the paper, it is up to both parties to understood that oranges may potentially offer a solution to the negotiation over how ten apples should be divided; however, without background research in preparation for the negotiations, one party would have no knowledge of the fact that the other party would actually place a greater value on the oranges which they perceive to be simply useless excess. Secondly, being open and transparent is a further key element of achieving a powerful position for collaboration, and this is not only a case of being open in relation to the information that is held by each party, but also about being open-minded as a potential solution which could be put forward by the other party (Ertel, 1999). The willingness and ability to share this information with the other party and to view the situation as a joint problem-solving exercise is the third element of a successful collaboration, and where one party views the other as being the underdog during collaboration and maintains a competitive approach, there can be a failure in the collaborative negotiation approach being taken. Crucially, the negotiation process focuses on a period of exchange where assets are understood and the exchange between the parties discussed. This is another aspect of collaborative negotiation which does not necessarily emerge during competitive negotiation. In competitive negotiation price is the crucial factor yet when looking at collaborative negotiation this may be broadened out. For example, where negotiations are taking place between suppliers and customers in a business to business environment, it may be the case that the customer chooses a more expensive supplier, as there is a guarantee of a bett er delivery schedule or better quality product. Entering into this type of exchange over the various elements of the negotiation which are valued by both of the parties is central to the collaborative approach; yet, without having the information available, collaboration simply cannot happen. Finally, the result of a collaborative approach needs to be recorded and documented, in order to ensure that the collaborative outcome which has been agreed is carried out, in practice, as failure to do so could result in a breakdown of trust between the parties and make it difficult to build up this trust, over several different periods of negotiation (Rubin Joseph 1990). Possible obstacles to a Collaborative negotiation strategy in the context of the supply relationship When looking, specifically at how successful collaboration can be achieved, several key obstacles have been identified that could affect the collaborative strategy and which could result in the parties failing to achieve the overall best results for all involved. One particularly obvious obstacle which may emerge is the fear that the other party is using the competitive approach. This may result in an individual who is attempting to show collaboration being viewed as weak and being taken advantage of, to such an extent that they will refuse to enter into a collaborative strategy, in the future. This is further exacerbated when it comes to a situation whereby the parties believe that there is only one possible solution to the problem being put forward. Furthermore, collaborative strategy negotiation involves obtaining all the relevant information and having an open and transparent discussion. This can be jeopardised by any failure to be open and transparent, whether it be deliberate or not, as well as a lack of understanding from either party, in terms of what may be relevant to the discussion. Deliberate misuse of information and authority could take place more readily when one party is perceived to be stronger than the other. For example, wh en considering a business to business supplier arrangement where the supplier is the only supplier of a particular product which is required by the customer, this is likely to reduce the chances of a successful collaborative negotiation, as the supplier is in a considerably more powerful position than its counterparts. Any failure to view the negotiation process as an ongoing opportunity to build trust between the two parties can also reduce the chances of the collaborative strategy delivering a successful outcome. Moreover, where it is known by one or other party that there is unlikely to be any future interaction between the parties, the chances of achieving collaboration again become much reduced, as neither party places a great value on the ongoing relationship. It is reasonably apparent when looking at the distinctions between the competitive and collaborative approach that using a collaborative negotiation strategy requires a much broader range of considerations and a much softer style from the individuals involved. Where managers or those in charge of negotiation and purchasing have historically taken a more competitive approach, it can be very difficult to adapt and to look at the broader issues, in order to fundamentally change the way in which the negotiation process is viewed (Saner, 200 0). Recommendations and Conclusions In order for entities to look more towards the collaborative negotiation approach which will be seen as a means of achieving more rounded and stronger results for all parties involved, there are several activities which need to take place; however, it can be difficult for the parties to adapt their style fully, particularly where there are fears that the other party is not moving towards a collaboration strategy, at the same rate. Where one party maintains a competitive approach, but the other is seeking collaboration, there is a real danger that the collaborative party will be viewed as weak and will ultimately lose out, thus creating a general reluctance by the parties to move towards collaboration, particularly in highly competitive industries. Communication is entirely different where collaboration is concerned, as it involves a much more open and transparent approach of sharing information and considering the perspective of the other party, something which is at odds with the traditional competitive approach, making it hard for those individuals who are rooted in the competitive approach to adapt. Additional training is, therefore, required for these managers and in particular those responsible for purchasing within a business environment, to improve their communication and analysis skills, as these will be fundamental to the success of the ongoing collaboration strategy. References Baron, P.D. (1998) Procurement, Contracting, Efficiency, Re-negotiation and Performance Evaluation,   Information Economics and Policy, (13:2), pp. 109-142. Beasor, T. (2006). Great Negotiators: How the Most Successful Business Negotiators Think and Behave. GBR: Ashgate Publishing Group. Cox, A. (1996) Relational Competence and Strategic Procurement Management, European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, (2:1), pp. 57-70. Ertel, D. (1999) Turning Negotiations into a Corporate Capability, Harvard Business Review, May-June, pp. 55-69 Lewicki, R.J, D.M. Saunders, and J.W. Minton.(2000) Essentials of Negotiation, McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA Lewicki, R.J., Barry, B., Saunders, D.M. and John, M.W., (2003). Negotiation, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill/Irwin Perdue, B., Ralph L. Ronald, E. (1986). Negotiation styles of industrial buyers. Industrial Marketing Management, 15 (3), 171-176. Porter, E. (1985). Competitive Advantage, New York: The Free Press. Rubin, P Joseph R. (1990). Joint optimality in buyer-seller negotiations. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 26 Spring, , 20-26 Saner, R., (2000). The Expert Negotiator. Klumer Law International, The Hague, The Netherlands.

A Wide Array of Conflicts in the Film 300 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Wide Array of Conflicts in the Film 300 - Essay Example 300 is one of the biggest budget movies in recent memory and yet another comic book movie that uses new technology to make an incredible visual display. 300 is a fundamentally a tragedy, with nearly every major character dying through the course of the movie, and a very serious, dramatic (if overblown) treatment of the topic. The basic plot is that a Persian king, Xerxes I of Persia, who is on the path of world conquest, decides to invade Greece and take over the entire area. Because it is a time of celebration, the King of Sparta must ask sages whether he is allowed to take the army of Sparta, a Greek city-state focused on martial prowess, to go head off Xerxes. The sages, who are under the pay of the Persian Empire, decline his offer, paving the way for invasion by Persia. The King of Sparta decides to side-step this issue, by going for â€Å"a walk† with a â€Å"personal bodyguard† of only three hundred soldiers, to go defend a narrow mountain pass that the Persians must use to enter Greece. They then go on to beat back wave after wave of Persian troops, inflicting huge casualties. Eventually, all three hundred of the Greek soldiers are killed, but the psychological damage they inflicted ended up being decisive, with the Persian army, who had lost so many thousands fighting only three hundred Spartan warriors baulk at facing the full force of Sparta when they invade the city. The style of this is incredibly overblown and artistic. Everything from the gore to the monsters to the regular characters is heavily re-done through computer generated graphics, and the entire style is fantastical, trying to match the comic book style of its predecessor.

Mountain Dew Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mountain Dew - Essay Example Later named 'Gran'Pappy', he soon became a popular icon in bars, and appeared on several Mountain Dew products and merchandise, lasting for several more decades. In the 1950's the Tip Corporation, the owners of the Mountain Dew brand, distributed the drink all over the Eastern Seaboard. Several bottlers manufactured and distributed Dew, in two different sizes costing 5 and 15 cents respectively, complete with the then-famous label featuring Gran'Pappy the Hillbilly shooting at a man running out of an outhouse. Drowning despite Dew's strong sales, Tip approached Pepsi-Cola in the early 1960's to sell the Mountain Dew brand. However, the product was in direct competition with Pepsi's own lemon-flavored drink- Teem. So, the owners went back to the drawing board- they reduced the amount of carbonation and added more sugar and caffeine, as well as mixing in enough orange juice to remove it from the "lemon-lime soda" category. Thus, Mountain Dew as we know it was born, and Pepsi bought Dew's new brew on September 2nd, 1964. The revamping of Mountain dew as a brand was awarded to BBDO, a global advertising agency. The Ad campaigns were targeted on the youth segment that projected Mountain dew as one of the best brands to stick with. Mountain Dew quickly became Pepsi's second best-selling drink (next to Pepsi itself), and a new advertising campaign featured 'Willy "Gran'Pappy" Hillbilly', along with all his yokel kin, encouraging Dew drinkers to "Yahooooo- Drink Mountain Dew! It'll tickle yer innards!" By the early 70's, however, it was clear that Willy the Hillbilly had run out of steam, so Mountain Dew's image was again redesigned, this time appealing to the young outdoors-type. The bottles were changed yet again to reflect this new attitude; and the public got their first glimpse at the now-famous "wavy" logo, which would grace bottles of Mountain Dew to decades to come. Pepsi has come up low sugar and fat content beverage called "Diet Mountain dew". A Diet Dew was released in 1988; but that was nothing compared to the Dew Revolution of 1990s. It started in 1993, when Pepsi first unveiled its new tagline for Mountain Dew: "Do the Dew". Commercials were produced featuring the 'Dew Dudes', including the award-winning "Been There, Done That" Ad campaign. Mountain Dew was poised to take its place in a new generation branding by sponsoring the first-ever X-Games in 1995. The youth culture embraced the addictive yellow-green potion p. By 195 the sales generated by Mountain Dew was 3billion dollars.4 In 2001, the first-ever Mountain Dew spin-off burst onto the scene- Mountain Dew Code: Red. Combining classic Dew with 'a rush of cherry flavor', it quickly became a hot-seller incold casesacrossAmerica, alongside its older brother. Amp, a Dew-based energy drink, soon followed, and a year later Diet Code: Red was released. The summer of 2003 saw thearrival of the legendary Mountain Dew LiveWire- an orange-twisted Dew variant. It was a hit in its first limited summer release, and returned the next year- along with Mountain Dew: Baja

Position paper on Videogame or Media Violence Essay

Position paper on Videogame or Media Violence - Essay Example Human beings are naturally not inclined towards killing and violence. However, the increased rate of violent crimes within different societies suffices to suggest that there exists a motivation towards violent behavior. Children are exposed to violent and crime scenes in various media platforms. Grossman argues, â€Å"It begins at the age of eighteen months when a child can begin to mimic what is on television† (2). Children are exposed to these violent scenes at the time of cognitive development. This implies that their cognitive patterns follow a violent trail. Indeed, â€Å"some of them embrace violence and accept it as a normal and essential skill in a brutal new world† (Grossman 2). When these children grow up, the violent behavior is entrenched within them. Continual involvement of the brain in violent video games can cause a phenomenon similar to classical conditioning whereby the players react subconsciously to situations in a violent manner due to the conditioning. In fact, President Clinton, as quoted by Grossman (3) claimed, â€Å"these games teach young people to kill with all the precision of a military training program.† Since children are at their developmental stage, rigorous and continued active involvement in violent video games conditions their delicate brains to violence. The present development in technology has made it possible for video games to have realistic characters (Barlett and Rodeheffer 1). The scenes are a real reflection of the real world. This has been highlighted as one of the primary cause of violent behavior among children exposed to violent video games for a long time. Barlett and Rodeheffer (11) found out that â€Å"if one plays a realistic violent video game, there will be an initial increase in aggressive thoughts and arousal and in aggressive feelings.† This increases the possibilities of violent actions from the video games being replicated in

Zara: Expanding Overseas | SWOT, Porters Five and PEST

Zara: Expanding Overseas | SWOT, Porters Five and PEST Zara is one of the most well known brands in the world and is also one of the largest international fashion companies. They are the third largest brand in the garment industry and are a unit of Inditex. It their flagship range of chain stores and are headquartered in Spain. Zara opened its first outlet in Spain in 1975. The headquarters of the company is based in Galicia. There are more than 2600 stores across 73 countries in the world. The Zara clothing line accounts for a huge bulk of its parent groups revenues. There are other clothing brands owned by Inditex such as KiddyÂÂ ´s Class (childrens fashion), Pull and Bear (youth casual clothes), Massimo Dutti (quality and conventional fashion), Bershka (avant-garde clothing), Stradivarius (trendy garments for young woman), Oysho (undergarment chain) and Zara Home (household textiles). Inditex owns all Zara outlets except for places where they are not allowed ownership of stores (thats where Franchises step in). Zara is renowned for coming up with products on a short timescale instead of taking forever. They are known for taking around 2 weeks to develop products and have been known to come up with around 10,000 new designs every year (which is an industry record). They have bucked the trend by making productions in Europe instead of shifting their entire production to Third World or Developing countries. However some of their clothes are manufactured in parts of Asia due to the fact that they have a longer shelf life. They make most of their own products inside Spain or other European Countries as they own a large number of factories in both Spain and Portugal. They also dont have to depend on anyone else as they can get everything done by themselves. Zara is unique in the way that it does not spend money on marketing and instead concentrates on opening new stores instead. Their brave experiments have led them to be labeled as one of the most innovative retailers in the world. Zara started out with low priced products which were pale imitations of high end fashion products. This move led to Zara being a smashing success and allowed them to expand by opening more stores in Spain. The company management also managed to reduce the time it took to create new designs and came up with the term instant fashions which allowed them to capitalize on new trends really fast. Zara is known to use teams of designers instead of individuals. Zara has to face a lot of competition from HM, Gap and Bentton internationally. Fortunately Zara is considered to be more fashionable than the rest of the brands despite the fact that its price is less than Benetton and Gap. HM is still cheaper than Zara but is equally fashionable as Zara. Gap and Benetton are less fashionable and more pricy. SWOT Analysis (S)trengths Zaras biggest strength is the fact that it provides cost leadership strategy by aiming at efficiency and cost reduction on products. There is a lot of efficiency merely due to the fact that products are put on fast track and costs are kept really low. They dont take a long time to come up with new collections. Zara is able to come up with collections really fast (around 2 weeks to get a collection ready). Zara focuses on what its customers want and thats why they have managed to do so well. They are able to get the opinions of its customers on a daily basis. The data is sent over to the headquarters where it is analyzed. This is a great way of saving time and helps them understand what sort of trends to follow. Since it does not take them a long time to come up with products they are able to cash in on the trends. They are also able to design, manufacture and send out the new products in less than 2 weeks. They are also very efficient when it comes to delivery of the products. Zara employs a huge team of designers who are able to design the clothes they require. Most of these designers are fresh out of Fashion schools and are able to do more for less. Most of the clothes manufactured are made in Spain and there is no need for outsourcing. Zara manufactures and distributes its clothes so it manages to cut out the middle man. This is one reason why they are able to get clothes out there so fast. They also have a great Information technology solution in place which allows for decentralized decision making. (W)eaknesses Zara does not spend any money on marketing or advertising. This is a huge weakness for them as its competitors spend a lot of money on advertising. Zara relies on goodwill and word of mouth so that people can shop at their stores. This is a weakness which can be exploited in the future by its competitors. Another weakness is the fact that Zara only has one manufacturing and distribution centre in the world. This is a double edged sword as it is both a weakness and strength. The fact that they have a huge distribution centre makes it an asset but then if it is hit by some sort of natural disaster or some logistical problem then it can have an adverse effect on its revenues. (O)pportunities There are a lot of opportunities for Zara lying ahead. They need to expand their presence in the USA where they face competition from the likes of GAP. They only have around 49 stores in the US which is not bad but then based on the size of the US that is equivalent to around one store per state. In comparison there are more than 300 stores in Spain which is a fraction of the size of the US. They may have conquered Europe but they still need to expand into the US market so they can give Gap a run for its money. They can grow properly if they expand their presence in the US. Zara is only going for markets where it is doing well such as Italy. However there is a huge opportunity for them to tap into the Indian market. The Indian Economy is doing really well and people over there love to buy good quality brand names at a reasonable price. Zara already has 2 outlets in India but then it wouldnt hurt to expand a bit more and form alliances with local manufacturers. This will make it easier for them to slowly grow within the Indian market. (T)hreats The biggest threat facing Zara is the fact that it is Europe Based. Zara is based in Spain and has a huge number of stores in Europe. Critics believe that there is an over saturation of stores in Europe and that having such a huge number of stores will dent the revenues over the longer term. The other reason is the fact that the Euro tends to be stronger than the Dollar. This is one reason why merchandise from Zara tends to be more expensive in other countries. This can be a big turn off and can have an adverse effect on their revenues in the longer term. Porters Five Forces Porters Five Forces allows us to look at the five forces which help us determine the competitive intensity and the attractiveness of a market. Some of these forces are related to competition from external sources while the rest are internal threats. These are basically all related to the macro environment. The various Forces are threat of substitute products, the threat of established rivals, the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers and the bargaining power of customers. Porters Five Forces Analysis Threat of Competitors Zara faces a lot of competition in the market. There are a large number of competitors in the market such as HM, Benetton, Gap, etc. Fortunately The high level of competition makes it tough for everyone as they are all struggling to get a piece of the pie . The biggest problem is that due to the large number of competitors the growth rate is low due to the number of manufacturers around. The clothing industry has peaked and it is very difficult for people to stay in the industry as the competition is cut throat. Customers are spoiled for choice due to the number of brands within the market. They are also very fickle minded and base their buying habits on the basis of new trends. They will only buy based on price and brand recognition and this is why the manufacturers have to keep changing what they do and come up with new ways of gaining customers. The costs of manufacturing new goods are quite high plus it is not easy to procure raw material so thats why the ones who have the resour ces and the ability to do so are able to survive within the market. Threat of New Entrants There is always the threat of new entrants but then the risk is not so much as Zara already has a huge presence in most parts of the world. The barriers for entry for distribution are quite low in Spain ( where the bulk of their clothes come from.) New entrants will have it easy as the cost of distribution is quite low as they only need to rent a shop and need a bit of capital to start out. However when it comes to manufacturing then the barriers of entry are really high mainly due to the fact that it requires a huge investment to get started within the market. Substitutes There is no threat of substitutes as it is a basic necessity for everyone. Customers Bargaining Power Customers have varying levels of bargaining power as they can decide what they want. Customers are quite fickle when it comes to buying clothes. However the good thing is that each customer has a love purchase volume and that means that even if some tend to change their brand there will still be some who will buy Zara. It is not an item like a burger or a snack which is available easily anywhere for a low price. The good thing about the clothing business is that there is no risk nonpayment because customers pay for clothes during purchase. Supplier Negotiation Power There are too many suppliers in the market which is one reason why the suppliers dont have much negotiating power. The fact that Zara procures or makes most of the stuff itself is also another factor which doesnt work in the suppliers favor. If the supplier decides to cut down the supplies the manufacturer can easily go to another manufacturer. PEST Analysis The PEST analysis is a study of the environment before a company begins its marketing process. It is a study of the external macro environment. It stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis and is an environmental scanning component of strategic management (P)olitical The political factors affecting Zara are when the government intervenes into the economy and comes up with laws which change the way things are done in the country. The government can easily change its policy and change the ways a business can operate in the country. They can change the laws and do drastic things like changing the interest rate. Zara needs to know the entire system and to be prepared for any potential problems it can face from the government due to a change in policies. (E)conomical Economic factors come into play as they are related to factors such as interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. These have the potential to create many problems in the future. There are different duties and levels of tariffs in different countries and this can cause the prices of products to vary in different countries. The price of goods will also vary based on the country of origin and thats what Zara needs to keep in mind. (S)ocial If there are Changes in social trends it will have a huge impact on the demand for Zaras products and the availability and willingness of individuals to work. However that is not likely to happen as its not as if Zara makes niche products. They focus on a huge market and make different types of products so it is quite unlikely that there will be a social shift in this part. However the company still needs to work on trends and to make sure its updated with the times so that it can satisfy its customers and meet the demands of its demographics. (T)echnology Due to advances in technology companies have to make sure that they keep up. Zara has to make sure that they have the latest technology and that they are innovative in every way. The more advanced the technology the more it can bring about some quality. Zara has invested in technology and it has to keep improvising because if they dont then their competitors will get a head start on them. Part 2: Zara is the biggest contributor towards Inditexs profits. Its the most well known brand in the group and has played a huge role in the growth of the group as well as bringing about huge sales and profits. Zaras success has brought about a large number of case studies and reports. It has consolidated its position in the fashion industry and has made a good name for itself. Zaras business model is basically based on the principle that it can sell medium quality fashion clothing at affordable prices. Basically vertical integration and the ability to come up with a quick-response is a key factor to Zaras successful business model otherwise they would be no where without it. The process for Zara has been designed in such a way that it has the various functions within the business system such as designing, sourcing and manufacturing, distribution and retailing. They do all of these themselves and that is one reason why their growth is at a good rate. However what goes up must come down and Zara is not immune to the problems in the world. The way they operate can also prove to be their undoing due to the model they are currently utilizing. The fact that they have their own distribution centre and manufacturing unit is a very weak point. This can be discussed further in this document. The management at Zara have come up four fundamental success factors: short cycle time for creation of product, small quantity per product (and not too much of the same stock) , extensive variety of product every season (so that users can choose easily) as well as a huge investment in information and communication technology to allow them to stay on track . Zara knows what its customers want by tracking their preferences on a year round basis. They have their own team of designers who have been recruited fresh out of fashion school. It is not a tough job to tell them what they want based on the input they receive. They make around a limited quantity of clothes based on the 11000 various items designed by its in-house staff. Zara does not make any losses as they only order a limited quantity of each item which they believe is stylish and will be more restricted season wise. For example if they have miniskirts in design they will only be available for a short time due to the short summer period in Europe. Other clothes which can work the year around and for which the trend does not change are outsourced to Asia as the cost wont be so high. The outsourcing operation is very handy mainly because these clothes have a longer shelf life. It does not take a long time for the clothes to be prepared as it merely takes around 4 weeks total for the whole process : from design to the finished product in the stores. The fact that Zara knows what sort of trends are there in the market and are quick enough to change their strategy to match the trends in the fashion industry gives them a huge advantage. They are able to modify their timetable easily to adjust for a change in the trends in the market. Normally it takes around 8 to 12 months for any normal retailer to forecast trends and come up with a style and send it for production. They are unable to match what Zara does and they end up losing big time. Even if a style fails to sell much, Zara can easily sell the clothes on a discount. The fact that they quantity of clothes manufactured was so low that they lose much. Their low volume strategy has helped them have a very low number of discount sales every year as compared to a high rate for the rest of the industry. However this leads to higher costs which is a disadvantage but then they dont have to worry about having higher inventories. This method allows for a low inventory and high profit margins. They dont save any money here with costs but then they get the maximum out of their clothing line. A problem they face is the fact that since Zara controls everything it is not easy for them to expand or relocate as they have to stay put in one place or the whole operation will suffer and the goods will cost more to distribute. Zaras business model is wonderful in the sense that it has a very fashion forward line as they know which trends to cash in on. They seem to have the midas touch of turning everything into gold. Their policy is to have a mostly young and fashion conscious staff so that they will also be able to double as trend setters. If for instance a certain item in a store sells well then the management decides to sell the same item in other locations as well. The key is that most of the items are in short supply and people presume that there is a shortage of items which ends up making consumers want to buy more. A key factor in Zaras success is the fact that it has sourced its products from the right places. They have based their procurement offices in a couple of fashionable cities in the world. This allows them to witness the trends first hand and then to quickly come up with a solution of their own. They dont buy all the raw products on their own as they use one of their parent groups procurement units to do all its purchasing. One clever move on their part is that they buy most of their fabric in grey so that there is greater flexibility. It doesnt take long for the fabric to be prepared. The main distribution artery is in Spain where they have their biggest distribution centre. They also have some smaller distribution centers in countries such as Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. The problem with the distribution centre is that it is purely based in Spain and does not have the capacity for a heavy load. It is a huge distribution centre and occupies around 500,000 square feet in total. They only have the capability of processing around 60,000 folded garments in an hour. They need to find a new distribution centre or increase their operations so that they can save more time. However the biggest advantage for them is the fact that they have vertical integration which allows them to manufacture and distribute their own stuff without having to be at the mercy of any supplier. It is not tough to move any of their products as they have their own railway network which allows them to move goods easily to its distribution centre. Once the goods are ready they are shipped out immed iately though the shipping schedule is only twice a week. European stores get their goods early (around 24-36 hours) while other destinations get them within 2 days. This system has allowed them to achieve a very high level of accuracy in its shipments. The other good thing is that the outlets dont take long to display the new outfits once they reach their destination and this allows them to show new stock to their customers. The clothes are also coded according to their color so that the staff knows where to place them. This makes it easier for the customers to go around color matching the items they want to buy. Problems with Zara Zara is facing a large number of issues which can cause them a number of problems in the future. Despite the fact that Zara has a consistent business system which gives them a competitive advantage it is always in the danger of tanking badly. Zaras biggest advantage is the fact that its economies of scale are really good and that they have been able to ramp up their distribution system. The continued growth is good for them in every way. They have been helped a lot by their expansion in the international market. However their growth in the international market will be curtailed due to the reason that Zara has a very centralized logistics model. It is understandable that Zara has to expand its distribution centers and to increase its capacity. Zara has its main distribution centre in Spain and it wont be easy going trying to expand when their base is only in Spain. This will affect their plans to go international and to target more regions. They cant simply survive with a European presence alone. It is true that they do have a presence in other countries but then it is not as much as it should be. They have a huge presence in Spain but quite limited when it comes to other countries. They can easily target the North American region where they dont have much of a presence compared to the huge size of the region. The problem is that there are a lot of outlets there and a lot of competition coupled with the need for plus sized clothing, high cost of operations and a very mature market. Zara needs to come up with a strategy so they can compete very aggressively over there. They can also target South America but the problem is that it is not a very stable region and any geopolitical problems can lead to profits being low. A good market would be the ever reliable Middle East where Zara already has a small presence. However with talks of revolution in the air and other geo political problems it can be a risky bet. There are a few countries in the region which will lead it to be profitable but then the market is small compared to other regions. They can easily opt for countries such as the South East Asian markets and South Asia which have a lot of potential. Recommendations Zara can easily go around and expand its operations in many ways. The best thing would be to take it easy for the short term and to go for further expansion in Europe. Spain and Italy are neighbors and the fact that Zara has its main distribution centre in Spain will make it easy for Zara. For the time being they dont need to open any more distribution centers as they can work with regions which are quite near in proximity to them. Italy is one of the most fashion savy countries in Europe along with France. Zara already has 70 plus stores in the country but then they can do a lot better. They can enhance their presence in the market and try and take some share from some of its know rivals such as Benetton and HM. the biggest way for Zara to expand is to try and open another Distribution Centre in Eastern Europe and to be able to expand its operations in Eastern Europe. A number of countries are coming into the European Union and are ripe for the picking. They already have a presence in some countries but the number of stores per region is not as much as it should be. Zara should expand further in the Asian markets once they have been able to do their bit in Europe. They have already tested the waters in Asia despite the fact that there is a lot of competition from local vendors there. However the fact that people in the developing countries and with surging economies will be sure to try out Foreign brands and that would be one reason why its a good idea to expand further in Asia. The only problem is that Zara is based in Spain and that all their designs come from that region. The fact that they make items in limited quantities ensuring a low inventory will scuttle their plans to expand easily. If Zara decentralizes its manufacturing policy it can easily set up its own operations and distribution centre in Asia. It wont be easy as they will still have to procure items via local vendors. If they are unable to create a distribution centre in Asia they can still create a larger upscale distribution centre in Spain where they are able to take the load of supplying to a larger number of stores. In this way they will be able to keep up with the demand and supply. This will help in the growth of the company and allow them to face challenges. It wouldnt be a bad idea to expand in the US market in the long term even if it is not so friendly towards European labels. Competitors such as Benetton and HM have faced problems with the US market in the past. However Zara has the resources and the ability to be able to expand within the market. They can expand easily in the US market only if they manage to curb their costs which are quite high at the moment. They also need to invest in a proper high end IT system which can help them go with the trends. They will not have the advantage of the system they have in Spain as its a totally different ball game over there. There will be different political and economic circumstances which will dictate the way they do everything. It wont be easy to change their entire business model just for another region. This would mean that they have to decentralize the way they work so that they can work in the US. They would have to establish a distribution centre in Mexico or another cheaper place so that they can cater to the needs. The cost of labor wont be so much but the fact that it is decentralized and not under the control of the Spanish HQ. On the bright side it will be cheaper to ship products and the tariffs will be low. This will allow them to save a lot on costs and they will be able to keep their prices the same way they are in the origin countries. They will also be able to enjoy greater margins in this way. They will also be able to resolve other matters such as retailing overcapacity, less fashion-forwardness, need for larger sizes, and considerable internal variation. Risks The risks associated with expanding overseas are that it will require a lot of capital. They need to establish new facilities and it is not an easy task. They have to do a number of studies and research the market properly before they go ahead. It wont be an easy feat setting up everything from scratch. They will also have to train people the way they operate in Spain. However they can still keep the design and procurement process centralized as technology will allow their units to do what they want. Its just the units which need to be decentralized. There is the huge possibility that they will face a number of obstacles and losses before they can actually do something. The only problem is that they will face problems with their margin while they are at it. They will have to face increased costs and will have to pass on the buck to consumers so that their bottom line is not affected. Hypothetically they can also opt for joint ventures or franchising if they dont want to go and expand in the US. The only problem is that joint ventures and franchises dont always pan out as required. It can create problems for their brand name and can cause many unforeseen problems in the future. It is never a good idea to give out a franchise or work in a joint venture unless there is synergy between the two partners. Conclusion In the end it is highly recommended that Zara keep its house and affairs in order before they can think of expansion. Due to the environmental factors and the fact that the Euro Zone will not always be so stable should shake it out of its comfort zone. Expansion is the key but they have to play their cards right and plan their move properly before they end up making some costly mistakes.

The Impact of Green Living on America Essay -- solar energy, renewable

Even though it’s not easy to get people to change and it is not completely fail proof, green living should be introduced into the American way of life because it can make the environment cleaner and safer and save people money on electric, water, and gas. The concept of green living is based on simply carrying out acts of knowledge to keep our planet healthy. People were put on the earth to take care of it, not hurt it. Ironically, however, we are hurting it every day and in result it takes a toll on our population in negative ways. People will most likely not make a big issue about this because there are no catastrophic affects to them directly yet. The enforcement of green living happens to be very controversial and if people don’t take action soon enough it will be too late. According to the article â€Å"Renewable Energy†, â€Å"Renewable energy accounted for only 10.5 percent of all the energy produced in the United States† (Renewable Energy). Our planet relies on hundreds of thousands of different resources. Generation after generation, the human population has created potential for various studies and developments of more efficient ways to get energy that we need without harming the environment. The consumption of energy sources for simple operations like driving, heat and cooling for our house and much more is extremely high and always in demand. Renewable energy or alternative energy is energy from sources that are infinite and natural such as solar, hydrogen, wind, and hydroelectric power. Its abundance makes it easier to produce for the energy companies; therefore it makes energy bills less expensive. Solar energy is used by absorbing the suns rays and converting it into heat to bring water to a boiling point to produce... ...Social Science Library. Detroit: Gale, 2010.Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. Carrol, Cris. "Global Water Supply Drying Up as Population Grows." About.com Environmental Issues. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. Nasser, Haya El. "Caution IconAttention." Water Conservation Is No Joke in Drought-ridden California. N.p., 7 Feb. 2014. Web. 16 Mar. 2014. Pezeshki, S.R. "Most Downloaded Environmental Pollution Articles." Elsevier. N.p., May 2000. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. Briney, Amanda. "Acid Rain." About.com Geography. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2014. Hardell, Sara. "Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Three Organochlorine Pesticides in Fish from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska." PLOS ONE:. N.p., 25 Aug. 2010. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. Boehlke, Julie. "The Effects of Improper Garbage Disposal." LIVESTRONG.COM. LIVESTRONG.COM, 16 May 2010. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.

Bombardier Cseries Essay

Coupled with BBD’s aging technology, drastic worldwide events, and rising attractive opportunities in the regional jets market, BBD has been subject to fierce worldwide competition and most aggressively from Brazil (Embraer). How can Bombardier gain back leadership in the globally competitive passenger aerospace industry? 2. Analysis 2. 1 External Environment Analysis Politically and legally, governments had always supported aeronautics by shielding national manufacturers against competition and subsidizing their research and development projects. To some extent, foreign competition called for the intervention of the World Trade Organization to control anti-dumping policies. Governments also got involved in establishing environmental regulations to control the damaging effects of air transportation on the environment. The deregulation of the aerospace industry in the mid-1990s led to a socio-cultural change in consumer’s preference from high comfort level to lower prices. The latter pushed airline companies to seek low-cost-carriers to reduce costs. Economically, airline carriers adopted flexible financial models with manufacturers to meet fluctuating aircrafts demand and develop the business further. Technologically, airline manufacturers focused on innovating their core competencies through R;amp;D and achieved economies of scale by outsourcing airplane segments to suppliers and developing strategic partnerships with subcontractors. As the table shows, rivalry amongst competitors has the highest effect on the passenger aerospace industry. The moderate effect would be the bargaining power of suppliers, Bargaining power of buyer, and threat of new entrants since the aerospace industry is extremely conservative in terms of manufacturer acceptability and moving towards being environment-friendly. As for threat of substitution, it has the least effect because air transport is faster and more efficient than rail, road, or water modes of transport. However, it is important to consider high-speed trains as a threat for regional connecting flights as customers could enjoy lower fares, convenience (versus the hassle of airports), and a different experience. In general, the passenger aerospace industry has high potential expect for the presence of rivalry amongst competitors that keep it extremely difficult to accomplish. 2. 2 Internal organizational analysis A) Tangible Resources -Financial resources: BBD’s financing is based on lease financing that is supported by commitments from potential customers and suppliers. Exhibit 15 shows negative Revenue to Working Capital ratio in 2004 (CSeries announced) and 2006

The Lifestyle of Attention Deficit Dissorder essays

The Lifestyle of Attention Deficit Dissorder essays The Lifestyle of Attention-Deficit Disorder Have you ever been around someone with ADD You may have been and never known it. People with this disorder are mostly like you and I. There are several things involved in having ADD. To have a good understanding of this disorder, you need to know the cause of it, the observational characteristics, and the impact it has on the child. Scientists have researched this disorder for years. They still dont know the cause of attention- deficit disorder. It has been regarded to be a biological disorder caused by some abnormalities in the brain. Studies have shown that areas of the brain that controls the attention span and limit impulsive behavior are less active in people with ADD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Other studies have a theory that this disorder could be hereditary. Most often, ADD is found in more males Than females. One study showed that about one- third of fathers with ADD in childhood have children with the disorder as well (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).There are several medications that are out there that can help the brain work normally. ADD children and adults show various observational characteristics that are evident to people with the disorder. The characteristics include various levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Inattention, for people with ADD, causes them to have difficulty with keeping their mind on one thing. They tend to have trouble with certain tasks after a few minutes, make careless mistakes, and have trouble listening. On the opposite side of the spectrum, people with ADD sometimes can focus on and complete several things at one time. Hyperactivity is involved more with ADHD. This is ADD with the factor of hyperactivity more present. It involves almost constant motion. Children may not be ...

Overview of Imagism in Poetry

Overview of Imagism in Poetry In the March 1913 issue of the magazine Poetry, there appeared  a note titled Imagisme, signed by one F.S. Flint, offering this description of the Imagistes†: â€Å"... they were contemporaries of the post-impressionists and the futurists, but they had nothing in common with these schools. They had not published a manifesto. They were not a revolutionary school; their only endeavor was to write in accordance with the best tradition as they found it in the best writers of all time - in Sappho, Catullus, Villon. They seemed to be absolutely intolerant of all poetry that was not written in such endeavor, ignorance of the best tradition forming no excuse ...† At the beginning of the 20th century, a time in which all the arts were politicized and revolution was in the air, the imagist poets were traditionalists, conservatives even, looking back to ancient Greece and Rome and to 15th-century France for their poetic models. But in reacting against the Romantics who preceded them, these modernists were also revolutionaries, writing manifestos that spelled out the principles of their poetic work. F.S. Flint was a real person, a poet, and critic who championed free verse and some of the poetic ideas associated with imagism before the publication of this little essay, but Ezra Pound later claimed that he, Hilda Doolittle (H.D.) and her husband, Richard Aldington, had actually written the â€Å"note† on Imagism. In it were laid out the three standards by which all poetry should be judged: Direct treatment of the thing, whether subjective or objectiveTo use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentationAs regarding rhythm: to compose in sequence of the musical phrase, not in sequence of the metronome Pound’s Rules of Language, Rhythm, ​and Rhyme Flint’s note was followed in that same issue of  Poetry by a series of poetic prescriptions titled A Few Donts by an Imagiste,  to which Pound signed his own name, and which he began with this definition: â€Å"An ‘image’ is that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time.† This was the central aim of imagism - to make poems that concentrate everything the poet wishes to communicate into a precise and vivid image, to distill the poetic statement into an image rather than using poetic devices like meter and rhyme to complicate and decorate it. As Pound put it, â€Å"It is better to present one image in a lifetime than to produce voluminous works.† Pound’s commands to poets will sound familiar to anyone who has been in a poetry workshop in the near-century since he wrote them: Cut poems down to the bone and eliminate every unnecessary word - â€Å"Use no superfluous word, no adjective, which does not reveal something. ... Use either no ornament or good ornament.†Make everything concrete and particular - â€Å"Go in fear of abstractions.†Do not try to make a poem by decorating prose or chopping it into poetic lines - â€Å"Don’t retell in mediocre verse what has already been done in good prose. Don’t think any intelligent person is going to be deceived when you try to shirk all the difficulties of the unspeakably difficult art of good prose by chopping your composition into line lengths.†Study the musical tools of poetry to use them with skill and subtlety, without distorting the natural sounds, images and meanings of language - â€Å"Let the neophyte know assonance and alliteration, rhyme immediate and delayed, simple and polyphonic, as a musician would expect to know harmony and counterpoint and all the minutiae of his craft ... your rhythmic structure should not destroy the shape of your words or their natural sound or their meaning.† For all his critical pronouncements, Pound’s best and most memorable crystallization of imagism came in the next month’s issue of Poetry, in which he published the quintessential imagist poem, â€Å"In a Station of the Metro.† Imagist Manifestos and Anthologies The first anthology of Imagist poets, Des Imagistes, was edited by Pound and published in 1914, presenting poems by Pound, Doolittle, and Aldington, as well as Flint, Skipwith Cannell, Amy Lowell, William Carlos Williams, James Joyce, Ford Madox Ford, Allen Upward and John Cournos. By the time this book appeared, Lowell had stepped into the role of promoter of imagism - and Pound, concerned that her enthusiasm would expand the movement beyond his strict pronouncements, had already moved on from what he now dubbed â€Å"Amygism† to something he called â€Å"vorticism.† Lowell then served as editor of a series of anthologies, Some Imagist Poets, in 1915, 1916 and 1917. In the preface to the first of these, she offered her own outline of the principles of imagism: To use the language of common speech but to employ always the exact word, not the nearly exact, nor the merely decorative word.To create new rhythms - as the expression of new moods - and not to copy old rhythms, which merely echo old moods. We do not insist on free-verse as the only method of writing poetry. We fight for it as for a principle of liberty. We believe that the individuality of a poet may often be better expressed in free-verse than in conventional forms. In poetry, a new cadence means a new idea.To allow absolute freedom in the choice of subject. It is not good art to write badly about aeroplanes and automobiles; nor is it necessarily bad art to write well about the past. We believe passionately in the artistic value of modern life, but we wish to point out that there is nothing so uninspiring nor so old-fashioned as an aeroplane of the year 1911.To present an image (hence the name: ‘imagist’). We are not a school of painters, but we believe that poetry should render particulars exactly and not deal in vague generalities, however magnificent and sonorous. It is for this reason that we oppose the cosmic poet, who seems to us to shirk the real difficulties of art. To produce poetry that is hard and clear, never blurred nor indefinite.Finally, most of us believe that concentration is of the very essence of poetry. The third volume was the last publication of the imagists as such - but their influence can be traced in many strains of poetry that followed in the 20th century, from the objectivists to the beats to the language poets.